Issues
Forum Philosophicum

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    The fall 2023 issue of Forum Philosophicum brings our readers eight studies dedicated mostly to phenomenology. Ruud Welten reinterprets Sartre’s analysis of the look in "Being and Nothingness" from the cultural-anthropological perspective. Małgorzata Kowalska develops the reflection on Sartre (in French): she analyses various meanings that can be given to the “nothing” of consciousness according to the Sartre's philosophy. Matías Ignacio Pizzi investigates Nicholas de Cusa’s influence on the notion of Icon in Jean-Luc Marion’s philosophy. Marionian phenomelogy is further analysed in the context of aesthetic by Jorge Roggero. Applying hermeneutic tools of Riceour and Gadamer, Małgorzata Hołda analyses Virginia Woolf's writings in order to demonstrate modern women’s path to creating their artistic identity. Jan Wawrzyniak offers a dilligent, and truly Wittgensteinian, grammatical investigation into truth-expressions, which results in a dissolution of the problem of truth-bearers. Andrzej Słowikowski analyses the problem of Christianity’s involvement in the world of politics from Kierkegaard's and Maritain's perspective. Finally, Grzegorz Hołub puts forward an account of Karol Wojtyła's philosophy of a person. Additionally, the issue includes two book reviews written by Marius van Hoogstraten and Dariusz Bęben    

     

      

     

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    In September 2022 the Institute of Philosophy of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow hosted the second international conference “Christian Philosophy and Its Challenges.” The conference gathered over 50 philosophers from all around the world, representing many different denominations of Christianity. They sought to identify the main challenges facing Christian philosophy today; particularly noteworthy areas of investigation included: the problem of evil, ancient and medieval inspirations in Christian philosophy, Christian ethics, the relationship between theology and philosophy, and the identity of Christian faith itself. Some of these papers were edited, reviewed, and elaborated, and we have a pleasure to introduce them in the following issue – we wish you a fruitful reading!  

     

  • Contemporary phenomenology may offer something inaccessible elsewhere to the reader who suffer from excess, including information excess. No matter what kind of question or problem is currently at stake: an interaction of static and genetic approaches in general, the type of the crossing of two different disciplines with their irreducible rigor of method, human emotional experience with regard to the formation of subjectivity, temporal experience in undertaking an action, or even gestural circle at the origin of the flesh. In each case, multifaceted and referring to various authors phenomenology contributes in such a way as to promote the core of the issues in question. Whether it comes to elucidate in what exactly consist the investigated methodological articulations, affective evaluations having a cognitive importance, ontological commitment of the phenomenon of shame, initializing an action/a project, or a curative potential of some gestures, the human experience in its irreducibility is actually and finally addressed. Let the reader answer for themselves if the insight carried out in the six presented studies may convince of the still irreplaceable role of phenomenology as the critique of experience. 

    Magdalena Kozak, Robert Grzywacz   

     

     

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    The Spring 2022 issue of Forum Philosophicum makes available five papers discussing a wide range of philosophical problems. Józef Bremer's and Mariusz Flasiński's paper introduces a four philosophical interpretations of the Turing test according respectively to Wittgenstein, Chomsky, Putnam and Searle. Babalola Joseph Balogun, in his paper “Resolving the Conceptual Problem of Other Minds through the Identity-Based Model,” tackles the famous problem from philosophy of mind and meaning theory, known as "Wittgensteinian 'Pain' Problem." Kingsley Mbamara Sabastine dedicates his paper to the methodological problem of practising Christian Philosophy, which is still alive today. In doing so, he refers to one of the most famous Polish methodologist, Stanisław Kamiński. The paper of Wojciech Szczerba presents a very interesting insight to so-called "continental philosophy," which is a comparative analysis of Plato's, M. Heidegger's, and H. Arendt's concepts of freedom. The final paper, by Piotr Duchliński and Piotr S. Mazur combines two philosophical approches, phenomenology and classical metaphysics to shed some light on the role of phenomenological epoché in the Existential Thomism. 

     

  •  The significance of the present volume lies in the fact that it revisits Heidegger’s reflection on God in the light of newly published literature, thereby presenting new approaches to already established thoughts. 

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    The issue includes the papers presented on the international conference Christian Philosophy: Its Past, Present and Future, organised by the Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow on 22–23 September 2020. Almost all the talks and discussions, which were presented during the conference, are available on YouTube (see the website for more information: http://christianphilosophy.ignatianum.edu.pl).

    In this issue the readers may find papers on relation between philosophy, theology and science (Ted PetersMichał Chaberek), on Gilson's concept of Christian Philosophy (James Capehart), on relation between phenomenology and theology (Anna Varga-Jani), on the concept of apokatastasis (Wojciech Szczerba), and some investigations into philosophy of mind (Jean Gové), and into Epicurean ethics (Alex R Gillham). Christopher Tollefsen and Brendan Sweetman reviewed two books from the series on Polish Christian Philosophy: one dedicated to Tadeusz Ślipko, the other to Piotr Lenartowicz.

    We are also pleased to inform that this year we celebrate 25 years of Forum Philosophicum—our journal for the last quarter century gathered many philosophers from all over the world, all concerned with developing philosophy in the context of faith.

        

     

     

     

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    A variety of subjects are raised in the articles published in the Autumn 2020 issue of Forum Philosophicum. Daniel Spencer offers a philosophical reflection on evolution and theodicy, Alex R Gillham continues his investigation (started in the previous issue, Spring 2020) on the idea of unpopulated hell. Marcus Hunt examines the rational basis for believing in demons. Anna Bogatyńska-Kucharska presents the analysis of the doctrine of double effect comparing Aquinas and J. Boyle. Richard Oyelakin investigates the impact of neuroscientists to the philosophical problem of consciousness. Per Bjønar Grande offers a very original insight into a philosophy of Girard and his optimism. Cezary Zalewski offers an investifation on Aristotle's "Poetics" in the light of the analysis made by Roman Ingarden. Mark K. Spencer and Francisco Plaza are both reviewing two books from the series "The Polish Christian Philosophy in 20th Century"—dedicated to Mieczysław Gogacz and Jacek Woroniecki.

     

     

       

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    In many ways this journal issue presents some remnant fruits of a conference entitled Engaging the Contemporary 2019: The Philosophical Turn Towards Religion, and convened by the Department of Philosophy, at the University of Malta, on the 7–8 November 2019. The conference featured almost seventy papers on topics which ranged very widely from metaphysics to epistemology, from ethics to politics, and from phenomenology to analytic philosophy. Indeed, the conference was a living witness to the immense fecundity of the philosophy of religion.

     At first sight, these papers are a melange of topics and views; they constitute a kind of pastiche. And this shows vividly that, on the one hand, the philosophy of religion is unusual in that it touches on most, if not all, parts of philosophy and aspects of human life. Indeed, there seems to be no part of philosophy which is not informed by some connection with the philosophy of religion. And this is perhaps not surprising. After all, one’s views on the divine are bound to impact everything in one’s life. In particular, one’s views on the divine are bound to be intertwined with one’s views on oneself, on society, and on nature. The range of views, on the other hand, also bears testimony to the peculiar nature of the philosophy of religion: it is inextricably personal. That is, one’s views, expressed in the philosophy of religion, are not simply abstract views. They bear the hallmark of the personal. They say something about the author in a manner that one’s views on, say, logic do not. 

    Mark Sultana, Guest Editor

     

  • This issue of Forum Philosophicum, to which we have given the title “Humanity Enhanced, Transformed, Abolished: Christian Anthropology Encounters the Transhumanist Hope of Artificial Intelligence,” primarily serves to make available seven papers on transhumanism and Christianity. 

    Within its pages, Paul Dumouchel investigates the idea of “intelligence” as something ostensibly central to discussions of “artificial intelligence,” Ted Peters searches for a new differentia specifica for human beings (where, in the light of “thinking machines,” this can no longer be rationality), and Graham McAleer and Christopher Wojtulewicz, taking Lacan and Przywara as a basis, examine the idea of replacing human beings by such “thinking machines.” Meanwhile, Inti Yanes-Fernandez presents the ideas of two philosophers, Dubrovsky and Mamardashvili, in order to see how they might contribute to the debate over transhumanism, and Roberto Paura dissects the differences and similarities between Christian and transhumanist eschatologies. Alcibiades Malapi-Nelson questions the relationship between the Catholic Church and emerging ideas of the trans-human or post-human, and Anna Bugajska investigates the moral and philosophical status of euthanasia from both Catholic and transhumanist perspectives. 

    Beyond this, Piotr Szałek analyses the concepts of “expressivism” and “pragmatism” in the context of Berkeley’s philosophy, and we offer readers two book reviews: Lucas Misseri examines Anna Bugajska’s book on the transhumanist project, Engineering Youth, while Jakub Pruś reviews Józef Bremer’s book-length study of Wittgenstein’s picture theory in philosophy, mechanical engineering, music and architecture. 

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    After “Mimetic Wisdom. René Girard and the Task of Christian Philosophy” we are pleased to present another thematic issue dedicated to Mimetic Theory. This time the inquiries presented are pursued with reference to a wider philosophical background. The issue makes available seven papers, delivered by scholars who, in their attempts to think with René Girard, discuss a variety of problems connected with anthropology, ethics and the philosophy of religion. 

    Mathias Moosbrugger rereads Girard’s intellectual biography with an emphasis on the methodological rearrangement of Mimetic Theory – i.e. Girard’s movement beyond both deconstructivist literary criticism à la Derrida and Durkheim’s more classical sociologism with respect to historical methods and analysis. Starting with a juxtaposition between deconstructive (generally represented by liberals) and communitarian (generally represented by conservatives) interpretations of Girard’s thought, Colby Dickinson indicates some baseline conditions as to how the resolution between these conflicting sides might occur. By referring to Hannah Arendt’s account of St Augustine’s philosophy of love, and by bringing together several threads in Augustine’s thinking, Andrew O’Shea sheds new light on mimetic theory – especially on Girard’s early view of desire and novelistic conversion. Andreas Wilmes, using Girard’s concepts of “desire for death” and “obstacle addiction”, critically examines the “humanisation of nothingness” – the specific kind of modern humanism that started with Kojève’s promethean reading of Hegel’s Phenomenology and then continued with Sartre’s existentialism and Camus’s atheistic humanism. While some work has been done on comparing the œuvres of Emmanuel Levinas and René Girard, Tannia Checci highlights, without blurring the significant differences involved, an oft-overlooked point of commonality between both of these thinkers: their analogous accounts of the mythic dynamics of undifferentiation. In his essay, Pierpaolo Antonello supplements ongoing debates surrounding the intersections between Giorgio Agamben and René Girard by, inter alia, re-examining from the perspective of mimetic theory such key ideas of Agamben as “homo sacer”, the “bios/zoe” distinction, “state of exception”, and the dissociation between culpa and individual responsibility in archaic law. Adapting Girard’s interpretative method, John Ranieri argues that the Quranic Jesus, though distinctively Islamic, reveals similar truths to the Jesus of the Gospels: namely, truths about mimetic rivalry, scapegoating and a God who sides with victims.

  • We are happy to present a special (thematic) issue dedicated to René Girard’s Mimetic Theory and its place in the Christian philosophical tradition. The issue includes the inquires of many researchers, specialised in Girard's intellectual legacy. Eric Gans, by focusing on the fundamental issue of “deferral violence”, brings out the specific differences between Girard’s and his own vision of the origins of language and religion, as well as the Christian understanding of communion. Anthony W. Bartlett offers a Girardian concept of generative semiotics that sees the birth of meaning and symbolic thought as a direct consequence of a primitive catastrophe—the collective murder of the emissary victim. Bernard Perret by referring to a philosophy of the event provides an epistemological framework to unify the theological and anthropological meanings of Girardian notions of revelation. John Ranieri argues that Girard’s anthropological approach might be useful in understanding the relationship between nature and grace. From the perspective of Girard’s Mimetic Theory and his idea of evangelical revelation Stefano Tomelleri reconsiders concept of Resentment. By referring to the Girardian notion of mimesis and Sumner’s insights into folkway traditions Charles Mabee put forward a thesis that Jesus in his life and teaching recognized and deconstructed the power of customary thinking that were violent and exclusionary in nature.  With the use of Bernard Stiegler “tool-box,” Emanuele Antonelli examines the methodological and epistemological conditions of possibility of Girardian concept of Christian wisdom, defined as the capacity to pay attention. In a wider philosophical and theological context Maria Korusiewicz raises a question whether it is justified to interpret Girard’s work in terms of tragic vision. Thomas Ryba proposes a revision of Girard’s interpretation of Satan, along with the Catholic theology.

    The issue also includes three book reviews: Józef Bremer examines Faith and Reason: Philosophers Explain Their Turn to Catholicism (Besong, and Fuqua, eds.), Andrzej Wierciński reviews Paul Ricœur’s Concept of Subjectivity and the Postmodern Claim of the Death of the Subject (Małgorzata Hołda) and Jakub Pruś looks at Piotr Warzoszczak's book on Modal Fictionalism [Fikcjonalizm Modalny].

  • A variety of subjects are raised in the articles published in the Spring 2018 issue of Forum Philosophicum. Alberto Leoopoldo Batista Neto ("Religous Presuppositions of Logic and Rationality. An Enquiry") offers a synthetic overview of the relation between rationality and religous, especially Christian, heritage. Francis Jonbäck ("Why Skeptical Theists are Not Involved in a Scenario of Olly-Style Deception") formulates a counterargument to Stephen Law's argument against Skeptical Theism. Anthony Chuwkuebuka Ohaekwusi ("Bauman on Moral Blindess: Analyzing the Liquidity in Standards of Moral Valuation") examines Bauman's concept of liquidity and sheds some light on it from philosophical and ethical perspective. Mariusz Tabaczek ("A Trace of Similarity within Even Greater Dissimilarity Thomistic Foundations off Erich Przywara's Teaching on Analogy") considers Przywara's analogia entis and compares it to the thomistic teaching on analogy.

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    “Thinking with Paul Ricœur” is the preoccupation of the authors of the articles published in this special issue of Forum Philosophicum. They are based on selected presentations delivered at a conference on the Ricœurian legacy held at Ignatianum in Cracow in May 2015. Among those presentations, one has a peculiar character, since rather than offering a scholarly analysis it brings us personal reflection and testimony relating to the last years of Ricœur’s life: Catherine Goldenstein (Fonds Ricœur) writes how she sees in the person of Ricœur “A Unity of Life, Teaching and Writing” (“L’unité d’une vie, d’un enseignement, d’une œuvre”). This reflection is accompanied by three scholarly approaches. Jérôme de Gramont (Institut Catholique de Paris) ponders “The Destiny of Phenomenology” as he discusses the latter’s inner limitations as revealed and tested in Ricœur’s work—which, in his opinion, heads in fair measure towards the Absolute (“Paul Ricœur et le destin de la phénoménologie”). Carla Canullo (Università di Macerata) analyzes Ricœur’s philosophical stance in terms of the relationship between the “Attestation of Evil and Testimony of Hope,” while viewing the sources of those theoretical attitudes respectively in the thoughts of Martin Heidegger and Jean Nabert (“Paul Ricœur: entre attestation du mal et témoignage de l’espérance”). Marek Drwięga (Jagiellonian University) proposes a critical approach and brings a number of his own arguments to the debate between Levinas and Ricœur on the issue of “Who is the Other?” This Ricœurian dossier is accompanied by two articles on philosophical developments in the Patristic era. Anna Zhyrkova (Jesuit University Ignatianum) puts forward a philosophical reconstruction of the concept of enhypostatonin Leontius of Byzantium, while Sergey Trostyanskiy (Union Theological Seminary) examines “St. Basil the Great’s Philosophy of Time.”

  • The Spring 2017 issue of Forum Philosophicum invites readers to engage with a number of philosophical issues which may face the contemporary Christian. The issue opens with the article “The Conscious Brain,” in which are presented the fruits of a collaboration involving the neuropathologist Dariusz Adamek and the cognitivist philosopher Józef Bremer, who together set out to shed light on how our brains function. Their holistic approach does not enter into discussions of the relationship between brain phenomena and mental facts. Instead, the authors present five specific features of the brain of a conscious person functioning as an integral whole. Paul Kucharski, in his article “On the Harm of Genocide,” unveils the devastation that genocide also inflicts with respect to our collective self-knowledge as humans. As a part of humanity is killed, a part of our capacity for understanding what it means to be human is also destroyed. Anna Zhyrkova, in her article “A Reconstruction of John the Grammarian’s Account of Substance in Terms of Enhypostaton,” analyzes the notion of being in-substantiated as it emerges in the works of the Byzantine writer John the Grammarian of Caesarea. This notion is introduced in order to give a name to the ontological complements of a substance without which a particular entity cannot exist. Andrzej Wierciński offers an interpretation of “Hegel’s Phenomenology of Unhappy Consciousness” in the Phenomenology of Spiritwhich makes it possible to see a Bildungstraktatin this work of Hegel. Viewed through this lens, the work can be read as describing the historically conditioned process of formation of self-consciousness. The closing article, “Effect Anticipation and the Experience of Voluntary Action Control,” by Józef Bremer, offers an inquiry into our consciousness of being free in terms of two models that have emerged in empirical research into how our conscious human capabilities govern and control voluntary motor actions

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    A variety of subjects are raised in the articles published in the Fall 2016 issue of Forum Philosophicum. Emmanuel Nartey (“Omniscience, Free Will, and Religious Belief”) offers a critical overview of the arguments put forward in current debates over whether, if one accepts the existence of a God who has infallible foreknowledge of our actions, it is possible for humans to be free. Carl Humphries addresses the relationship between ontological and historical modes of intelligibility in the context an analysis of the implications of Herman Schmalenbach’s historico-philosophical treatment of the concept of Einsamkeit (“lone-ness”) as this relates to the spiritual practices and religious beliefs of Christianity (“Schmalenbach on Standing Alone before God: A Philosophical Case-Study in Ontologico-Historical Understanding”). Sergey Trostyanskiy proposes an account of Iamblichus’ solutions to the paradoxes of time through a comparative approach invoking earlier discussions of problems of temporality in Aristotle and Pseudo-Archytas (“Iamblichus’ Response to Aristotle’s and Pseudo-Archytas’ Theories of Time”). George J. Seidel compares the treatment of the imagination in Kant and Fichte, relating both stances to discussions of the imagination in Heidegger (“The Imagination in Kant and Fichte, and some Reflections on Heidegger’s Interpretation”). Małgorzata Hołda brings to light the parallels and intersections between philosophical approaches to narrative in Paul Ricœur and Mikhail Bakhtin (“Intersections between Paul Ricœur’s Conception of Narrative Identity and Mikhail Bakhtin’s Notion of the Polyphony of Speech”). 

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    In 2015 Andrew T. J. Kaethler and Sotiris Mitralexis organized a conference in Delphi Greece that engaged with the theological and philosophical questions surrounding the relationship between history and ontology. The theme of this volume of Forum Philosophicum––“Faith in the Web of Evanescent Meaning”––grew out of the conference; four of the five papers were presented in Delphi. All of the papers seek to make sense of truth and meaning in relation to the human world of flux and change. Heidegger, Hegel, Derrida, Jüngel, and Przywara are the most recognizable figures explicated herein with perspectives dramatically ranging from a welcoming embrace of Transhumanism to a critical explication of the entelechy of postmodern thought in light of the Cross.

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    This special volume of Forum Philosophicum, entitled “Sharing in the Logos: Philosophical Readings of Maximus the Confessor,” makes available five papers selected from those presented at the conference “Maximus the Confessor as a European Philosopher,” held at the Freie Universität, Berlin, from the 26th to the 28th of September, 2014. We are happy to open up our journal to the contributions of a number of scholars who all share a specific methodological stance when it comes to reading Patristic texts. Rather than discussing the philosophy of Maximus the Confessor, they seek out the philosophical involvements and implications of Maximus’ theology. They respect the distinction between philosophical and theological modes of thinking, while recognizing how those modes of thinking influence and complete each other.

  • The Spring 2015 issue of Forum Philosophicum makes available four analytical papers discussing a range of problems connected with the philosophy of religion and philosophy practiced in a religious context. Paul Kabay’s “Nonetheism: A Nonetheistic Account of a Non-existent God” introduces a philosophical stance that views God as non-existent, yet impossible to reject. The property of existence is, in this approach, one that cannot be ascribed to the object of cognition we call God. Paul Kucharski, in his paper “Speaking Rationally about the Good: Karol Wojtyła on Being and the Normative Order,” shows, through an analysis of Karol Wojtyła’s ethical stance, how any serious ethical approach requires thatweacceptthe existence of anobjective and normative measure of goodness. In the paper “Epistemic Deism Revisited,” Leland Harper offers somecriticism of Bradley Monton’s, Nancey Murphy’s, and Thomas Tracy’s views concerning God’s epistemically inaccessible activity on asubatomic, non-deterministic level. Francis Jonbäck presents a modification of the stance called “Friendly Atheism,” to which he gives the name “Very Friendly Atheism Indeed.” These papers are accompanied by a survey of recent research into the phenomenon of synesthesia by Józef Bremer(“Mental Disorder or Creative Gift? The Cognitive Scientific Approach to Synesthesia”), who points to several philosophical questions raised, and potentially answered, by such research. The issue also brings totheattentionofreaderstwo book reviews.

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    In the Autumn 2014 issue of Forum Philosophicum, we bring our readers five studies on a range of issues related to Christian philosophy and the philosophy of religion. Mark S. McLeod-Harrison sketches a proposal for a Christian philosophy of gender. Travis Dumsday proposes a new argument against causal chains regressing to infinity, which, he hopes, can address the objections historically raised against these kinds of arguments, used as foundation for various theistic stances. Mikael Leidenhag points to problems in panentheistic ontology, due to which it cannot be offered as a naturalistic account of Divine action. Jonathan S. Marko, in his analysis of propositions that are “above reason” in Robert Boyle, challenges Jan W. Wojcik’s claim that Boyle thought accepting religious doctrines required us to violate the law of non-contradiction. Sotiris Mitralexis puts forward an account of Maximus the Confessor’s view of intelligible creation that attempts to resolve contradictions in the latter’s statements about the corruptibility and perishability of the intelligible world.

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    The Spring 2014 issue of Forum Philosophicum offers six papers in which various issues pertaining to the philosophy of persons and its history are discussed. The authors under scrutiny range from Epictetus to Karol Wojtyła. Sarah Scott presents an analysis of the criteria for being a person that Martin Buber put forward in his relatively little-known early writings, including his doctoral dissertation. J. Edward Hackett reconstructs the main constituents of the notion of personhood in Max Scheler. Grzegorz Hołub scrutinizes various apparently disparate claims on the subject of consciousness made by Karol Wojtyła, showing how one can build a consistent and holistic vision from them. Arkadiusz Gudaniec reassembles and synthesizes Mieczysław Krąpiec’s views of persons and personhood, availing himself not only of texts by the late Polish Dominican philosopher (and Rector of the Catholic University of Lublin in the years 1970–1982) published in English in the USA, but also of texts by him that are less well known to the English-speaking philosophical public. Charles Hogg shows how for Epictetus, the experience of death differentiates humans from other living creatures, and how this differentiation parallels the modern philosophical concept of persons rather that the Ancient idea of the “rational animal.” Marcin Podbielski puts forward conclusions from his comprehensive survey of occurrences of the vocabulary of persons (prosōpon) in Maximus the Confessor, presenting, among others, Maximus’ idea of a spiritual “face,” or truly moral human “persona,” which humans can receive through grace as an impression of the eternal paradigms of virtue.

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    The 2013 Autumn issue of Forum Philosophicum is devoted to Russian Philosophy. The project of this thematic volume grew out of discussions during a conference held in Cracow at Ignatianum on the 27th and 28th of June, 2013, entitled “The Reception of Russian Thought in Europe.” Our Russian colleagues raised, then, a specific concern. They complained that Russian philosophy was not meeting with an appropriate reception in the West, and that commentaries and translations in the West frequently distorted the message of Russian thinkers. The Editorial Board offered, both during the conference and in subsequent announcements in Russian at Internet sites frequented by Russian intellectuals, the possibility of peer-reviewed publication in English in a journal whose editors were in a position to ensure that their ideas would be expressed in English without distortion. As a result, we are able to present our readers with not only several scholarly papers on such Russians philosophers as Semyon Frank, Nikolai Berdayev, and Vladimir Solovyov, but also two texts enabling Western readers to become somewhat acquainted with contemporary Russian thought, and to learn in more detail about the conditions in which philosophy was being practiced in the Russian-speaking world until recently.

    The first such text is an essay by Maxim Kantor, the renowned contemporary Russian intellectual, painter, and philosopher. His proposition that renaissance and avant-garde are two recurrent but opposing phenomena within Western art and philosophy exemplifies contemporary Russian cultural criticism, in which political conservatism and a dialectical vision of history are combined in a manner that has no parallels in the West. It is followed by a historical study (whose complete text we publish in open access) by Svetlana M. Klimova and Elena S. Molostova, based on previously unpublished materials of the Institute of Scientific Atheism of the Academy of Social Sciences of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The study shows how Marxist philosophy was viewed, and used primarily as a basis for the practice of social transformation, being focused as it was on eradicating from human minds any form of faith or religion.

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    The 2013 Spring issue of Forum Philosophicum opens with a paper whose author, James A. Harold, defines “the lover of peace,” as opposed to “the pacifist,” “the appeaser,” and “the warmonger,” as someone sharing in a spiritual peace that is the fruit of the grace of humility. In a subsequent article comparing Kant to Augustine, Edgar Valdez argues that Kant’s philosophy can be read as a path to a non-religious and rationally grounded faith in God. George Patios shows how Kierkegaard’s dialectics of freedom through despair becomes a metaphysics through which a human self can be grounded in God. M. Andrew Holowchak offers a synthetic account of Thomas Jefferson’s approach to religion. Yishai Cohen advances a criticism of Skeptical Theism by pointing to logical difficulties in explaining evil when even a minimalist view of divine omnipotence is adopted. Leland Harper tracks down epistemological problems in theories that consider the indeterministic sub-atomic reality the proper theoretical space for God’s activity. Igor Gasparov critically scrutinizes some contemporary Substance Dualisms inspired by the proposals of Richard Swinburne. 

  • In this issue of the journal, we present our readers with six studies of philosophical problems pertaining to philosophy’s encounter with faith. Dale Jacquette puts forward a close examination of the concept of faith in the manner of Wittgenstein’s essential analysis. Daniel Gustafsson shows how the question of beauty, asked from the point of view of aesthetics, can be given a theological answer in the context of Christian art. Francis Jonbäck defines Frendly Sceptical Theism, by modifying some implicit premises of Williams Rowe’s Friendly Atheism. Martin Lembke proposes some refinements to Alvin Plantinga’s criticism of Patrick Grim’s rejection of the concept of an omniscient God. Anna Zhyrkova explains how deeply the appraisal and meaning of originality differ, in philosophical and theological contexts. Tadeusz Grzesik contends that someone who demands rational proofs of God’s existence is, in point of fact, irrational.

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    This Spring issue of Forum Philosophicum offers five studies on a wide range of topics of Christian philosophy. Hans Goller (University of Innsbruck) discusses the limits of a purely neurological explanation of “near-death-experiences.” Leslie Armour (Professor Emeritus, University of Ottawa) proposes a new formulation of proofs of God’s existence, grounded in the tradition of rationalist ethics. Anna Tomaszewska (Jagiellonian University) criticizes McDowell’s conception of “perceptual reasons.” Yann Schmitt (Institut Catholique de Paris) points to errors in Hume’s probabilistic argument against miracles. Mark McLeod-Harrison (George Fox University) discusses the conditions for true cognition set out by Michael Lynch’s relaxed naturalism, arguing that the concept of knowing the truth requires a stronger ontology.

  • Papers in the issue: Jan Zbigniew Marczuk, “Dennett’s Account of Mind versus Kim’s Supervenience Argument”; Jarosław Jagiełło, “Logos und Glaube im ‘secular age:’ Zur Religionsphilosophischen Aktualität des Ebner’schen Denkens”; Mark Manolopoulos, “Today’s Truly Philosophical Philosopher of Religion”; Kaziemierz Rynkiewicz, “Der Glückliche Weg zum Erfolg Eines Tugendhaften”; Rob Lovering, “Does Ordinary Morality Imply Atheism? A Reply to Maitzen”; Eric Baldwin, “On Buddhist and Taoist Morality”; Maria Kłańska, “Spinoza und Seine Philosophie im Schaffen der Deutschsprachigen Dichterin Rose Ausländer.”

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    Papers in this special issue, dedicated to contemporary philosophy of Jesuits: Heinrich Watzka, “A New Realistic Spirit: The Analytical and the Existential Approaches to Ontology”; Paul Gilbert, “Voilà pourquoi je ne suis pas ‘ontologue’ ”; Paul Favraux, “La pertinence de l’ontologie pour la théologie”; Eric Charmetant, “Contemporary Naturalism and Human Ontology: Towards a Different Essentialism”; Józef Bremer, “Aristotle on Touch”; Terrance Walsh, “Bonum est causa mali: A Problem and an Opportunity for Metaphysics in the Thought of Thomas Aquinas and Hegel”; Anthony J. Carroll, “Disenchantment, Rationality and the Modernity of Max Weber”; George Karuvelil, “Religious Experience: Reframing the Question”; Louis Caruana, “Universal Claims.”

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    The papers in the issue: Joshua Seigal, “Skeptical Theism, Moral Skepticism, and Divine Deception”; Dino Galetti, “Finding a Systematic Base for Derrida’s Work”; David J. Zehnder, “The Hermeneutical Keys to William James’s Philosophy of Religion: Protestant Impulses, Vital Belief”; Raymond Aaron Younis, “These Ultimate Springs and Principles: Science, Religion and the Limits of Reason”; Xunwu Chen, “God and Toleration”; Michael Polyard, “Philosophical Implications of Naturalizing Religion”; Janusz Salamon, “The Universal and Particular Dimensions of the Holocaust Story and the Emergence of Global Ethics”; James Conlon, “Against Ineffability”; Tereza-Brindusa Palade, “Why Thinking in Faith? A Reappraisal of Edith Stein’s View of Reason”; Teresa Obolevitch, “All-Unity according to V. Soloviev and S. Frank. A Comparative Analysis”; Karol Giedrojc, ”Die Grundlagen des Modernen Fundamentalismus”.

  • The papers in the issue: Roger Pouivet, “Moral and Epistemic Virtues: A Thomistic and Analytical Perspective”; Lloyd Strickland, “False Optimism? Leibniz, Evil, and the Best of all Possible Worlds”; Eric Wilson, “The Ontological Argument Revisited: A Reply to Rowe”; Angus Brook, “Heidegger’s Notion of Religion: The Limits of Being-Understanding”; James Kraft, “Conflicting Higher and Lower Order Evidences in the Epistemology of Disagreement about Religion”; Jan Konior, “Confession Rituals and the Philosophy of Forgiveness in Asian Religions and Christianity”; Christopher Caldwell, “Does “One Cannot Know” Entail “Everyone is Right?” The Relationship between Epistemic Scepticism and Relativism”; Liam Dempsey, “Comfort in Annihilation: Three Studies in Materialism and Mortality”; John Shook, “God’s Divinely Justified Knowledge is Incompatible with Human Free Will”; Maciej Manikowski, “The Unknown God and His Theophanies: Exodus and Gregory of Nyssa”; Omid Tofighian, “Beyond the Myth / Philosophy Dichotomy. Foundations for an Interdependent Perspective”; Jarosław Charchuła, “Hobbes’s Theory of State. The Structure and Function of State as the Key to its Enduring”; Paul B. Cliteur, “Religion and Violence or the Reluctance to Study this Relationship”; Tadeusz Rostworowski, “Autodeterminazione nella visione personalistica di Karol Wojtyła.”

  • The papers in the issue: Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, “Reference, Description, and Explanation. Where Metaphysics Went Wrong?”; Friedel Weinert, “The Modern Synthesis: Einstein and Kant”; Roman Darowski, “The Polish Contribution to World Philosophy”; Majid Amini, “Omnipotence and the Vicious Circle Principle”; Mark McLeod-Harrison, “The Many Ways God Is: Ontological Pluralism and Traditional Theism”; Piotr Moskal, “Affective Knowledge of God”; Camille E. Atkinson, “Is Gadamer’s Hermeneutics Inherently Conservative?”; Simin Rahimi, “Divine Command Theory in the Passage of History”; Irina-Gabriela Buda, “Consciousness and Evolution”; Mejame Ejede Charley, “Problematic of Technology and the Realms of Salvation in Heidegger’s Philosophy”; Kazimierz Rynkiewicz, “Was Verdanken wir Descartes in der Gegenwärtigen Debatte über das Leib-Seel-Problem?”

  • The papers in the issue: Sanford S. Levy, “Philippa Foot’s Theory of Natural Goodness”; Catherine Cowley, “Philia and Social Ethics”; Jonathan Bowman, “Extending Habermas and Ratzinger’s Dialectics of Secularization: Eastern Discursive Influences on Faith and Reason in a Postsecular Age”; Jan Konior, “The Interplay of Philosophy and Religion in the Chinese Culture”; Thomas Storck, “Culture and the Embodiment of Cultural Ideals as Preliminary to a Philosophy of Culture”; Petr Dvořák, “The Relational Logic of Franciscus Toletus and Petrus Fonesca”; Mark Sultana, “How Does the AkratêsIntentionally Do What He Intended Not to without Changing His Mind?”; Piotr Stanisław Mazur, “The Dignity of the Person in the Context of Human Providence”; Paul Douglas Kabay, “Did God Begin to Exist ex Nihilo”; Jacek Bielas and Rafał Ambramciów, “Dimensions of Corporeality. A Metatheoretical Analysis of Antropologists’ Concern with the Human Body”; Rafał Kazimierz Wilk, “Personalistic and Utilitarian View of Marriage According to Early Wojtyła”.

  • The papers in the issue: Piotr Moskal, “Is There a Metaphysical Proof of God's Existence?”; Martin Poulsom, “The Pros and Cons of ‘Intelligent Design’”; Fedor Stanzhevskiy, “Towards a Hermeneutics of Religion(s). A Reading of Ricoeur's Readings”; Robert Simpson, “Avoiding the Afterlife in Theodicy. Victims of Suffering and the Argument from Usefulness”; Saladdin Ahmed, “What is Sufism?”; Jarosław Paszyński, “Weisheit Gottes nach Thomas von Aquin”; Grzegorz Hołub, “Being a Person and Acting as a Person”; Henryk Machoń, “Tertium non datur? Der Streit zwischen Idealismus und Dogmatismus in Fichtes Versuch einer neuen Darstellung der Wissenschaftslehre”; Kazimierz Rynkiewicz, “Eine Skizze der Ontologie der Welt und des Menschen bei Wittgenstein und Ingarden”; Robert Grzywacz, “En quel sens la fiction possède-t-elle une fonction cognitive? Le texte à la jonction entre le langage poétique vif et I'action sensée selon P. Ricoeur”; Michael-John Turp, “Naturalized Epistemology and the Normative”; Danuta Ługowska, “Evolutionary Psychology as the Contemporary Myth”; Jan-Kyrre Berg Olsen, “Metaphysics and Time”.

  • The papers in the issue: John McDade, “Simone Weil and Gerard Manley Hopkins on God, Affliction, Necessity and Sacrifice”; Simini Rahimi, “Swinburne on the Euthyphro Dilemma. Can Supervenience Save Him?”; Lubos Rojka, “Human Authenticity and the Question of God in the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan”; Joshtrom Isaac Kureethadam, “The 'Meditational' Genre of Descartes' Meditations”; Stanisław Ziemiański, “Time and Its Philosophical Implications”; Aleksandra Derra, “Explicit and Implicit Assumptions in Noam Chomsky's Theory of Language”; Manuel Rebuschi, “Czeżowski's Axiological Concepts as Full-Fledged Modalities. We Must Either Make What Is Good, Or Become Revisionists”; Mostafa Taqavi, and Mohammad Saleh Zarepour, “The Strong Version of Underdetermination of Theories by Empirical Data. Comments on Wolenski's Analysis”; Adam Świeżyński, “The Evolutionary Concept of Human Death”; Daniel Lauriel, “Making “Reasons” Explicit. How Normative is Brandom's Inferentialism?”.

  • The papers in the issue: Mark Sultana, “Bridging the Gulf between Wittgenstein's Works: A Matter of Showing”; Tim Thornton, “An Aesthetic Grounding for the Role of Concepts in Experience in Kant, Wittgenstein and Mcdowell”; Giorgio Lando, “Tractarian Ontology: Mereology or Set Theory?”; Robert Janusz, “Ontology in Astronomy”; Tadeusz Gadacz, “The Problem of Evil in Józef Tischner's Philosophy”; Anna-Karin Andersson, “The Positive and Negative Rights of Pre-Natal Organisms and Infants/Children in Virtue of Their Potentiality for Autonomous Agency”; Julia Tanner, “Intrinsic Value and the Argument from Regress”; Roman Darowski, “Philosophy of the Jesuits in Lithuania since the 16th until the 18th Century”; Piotr Aszyk, “Reception of some Aspects of the Hippocratic Medical Ethics in Antiquity”; Luke Fischer, “Derrida and Husserl on Time”; Mauro Murzi, “A Defence of Pluralism in the Debate about Natural Kinds: Case Study from the Classification of Celestial Objects”; Piotr Sikora, “Putnamian Constraints on Pluralistic Theology of Religions”; Jarosław Paszyński, “Weisheit als Wissenschaft über Gott nach Thomas von Aquin”; Fedor Stanjevskiy, “Une anthropologie à la base d'une pensée religieuse: l'unité de l'homme dans la théologie de Maxime le Confesseur”; Michal Chabada, “Les aspects philosophiques de la théologie selon Jean Duns Scot: de la science à la pratique”.

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    The papers in the issue: John Vattanky, “Proof for the Existence of God in Classical Indian Philosophy”; Miłosz Pawłowski, “Traversing the Infinite and Proving the Existence of God”; Dariusz Łukasiewicz, “Logical and Metaphysical Assumptions of Bernard Bolzano's Theodicy”; Alexander J.B. Hampton, “The Conquest of Mythos by Logos: Countering Religion without Faith in Irenaeus, Coleridge and Gadamer”; Anna Abram, “The Philosophy of Moral Development”; Piotr K. Szałek, “The Notion of Conceptualized Experience in John McDowell's”; Jakob Zigouras, “Spinoza and the Possibility of Error”; Marek Rosiak, “Existential Analysis in Roman Ingarden's Ontology”; Piotr Janik, “Transcendent Action in the Light of C.S. Peirce's Architectonic System”; Janusz Sytnik-Czetwertyński, “The Philosophical Foundations of the Kinematic Atomism of Ruder Josip Boscovich”; Grzegorz Hołub, “Personhood in Bioethics”; Plamen Damianov, “The Accumulation of Change Depending on the Time Factor”.

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    The papers in the issue: Tadeusz Ślipko, “The Concept of Value in the Ethical Thought of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła”; Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, “Knowledge and Reality”; Piotr Lenartowicz, “O empirycznych przesłankach pluralizmu bytowego”; Remigiusz Król, “The Origins of Human Being. A Theory of Animation According to Tadeusz Ślipko”; Piotr Aszyk, “The Philosophical Concepts in Ryszard Otowicz’s Bioethics”; Janusz Salamon, “Philosophical Problems with Disembodied Existence and Survival of Death”; Stanisław Ziemiański, „Ruch unieruchomiony”; Vincent G. Potter, “Peirce o ‘substancji’ i ‘fundamentach’”; Henryk Majkrzak, “Amore, amicizia e carità in san Tommaso d'Aquino”; Karol Gierdojć, “Einführung in die politische Theorie Eric Voegelins”; Vladislav Arzhanukhin, “Puti Russkoy Skholastiki” (Russian and Polish version); Aleksandra Macintosh, “Shestov's Quest for Certainty of Faith”; Roman Darowski, “Giuseppe Angiolini SJ (1747–1814), profesor filozofii w Akademii Połockiej” (Polish and English version); Giuseppe Angiolini, “Wykłady filozoficzne do użytku studentów Akademii Połockiej”; Franciszek Bargieł, “Ordinatio pro studiis superioribus u jezuitów w połowie XVII wieku”.

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    The papers in the issue: Tadeusz Ślipko, “The Anthropological Basis of Human Dignity”; Piotr Aszyk,“Limits of Life Shaped by Ethics: A Short Introduction to Tadeusz Ślipko’s Bioethics”; Grzegorz Hołub,“Between Pragmatics and Religious Experience. Hugo Tristam Engelhardt’s Concept of Bioethics”; Stanisław Ziemiański,“Wchodzenie w byt”; Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, “Theory of Transcendentals and the Basic Furniture of Mind Hypothesis”; Janusz Salamon,“Postructuralist Deconstruction of Meaning as a Challenge to the Discourse of Theism”; Jolanta Koszteyn,“Biomolecular Perfection and the ‘Common Descent’”; Hans-Dieter Mutschler, “Ist die Welt Kausal Geschlossen?”; Stanisław Pyszka, “The Evolution of Catholic Social Teaching in the Years 1891-2002”; Henryk Majkrzak, “Il concetto di legge nellaSumma Theologiaedi S. Tommaso d’Aquino. Un’indagine filosofica”; Romanas Plečkaitis, “The History of Philosophy in Lithuania (I)”; Franciscus Bargieł, “Eliae Downarowicz SJ (1625-1669) doctrina socialis in ipsius opusculo Homo politicus seu civilis contenta”; Roman Darowski, “Vincent Buczyński SJ (1789-1853) on the Way to a Revival of Thomism”; Józef Bremer, “Metafizyczny solipsyzm według ‘wczesnego’ Ludwiga Wittgensteina”; Zdzisława Kobylińska, “Ethos politico nello stato democratio secondo Luigi Sturzo”; Jerzy Machnacz, “Gerda Walther. Życie – fenomenologia – mistyka”.

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    The papers in the issue: Janusz Salamon, “On Cognitive  Validity of Religious Experience”; Hans-Dieter Mutschler, “Kann ‘Form’ durch ‘Information’ ersetzt werden?”; Erich J. Heindl, “Anmerkungen zu Nietzsche unter Berücksichtigung seiner progressiven Paralyse”; Stanisław Ziemiański, “Jedna czy wiele dusz?”; Jolanta Koszteyn, “Problem pochodzenia dusz ludzkich. Refleksje na temat artykułu Stanisława Ziemiańskiego pt. Jedna czy wiele dusz?”; Stanisław Ziemiański, “Kilka uwag w związku z Refleksjami Jolanty Koszteyn”; Piotr Aszyk, “Opinie wczesnochrześcijańskich i scholastycznych myślicieli na temat decyzji pacjenta o rezygnacji z interwencji medycznych”; Tadeusz Ślipko, “Poglądy etyczne Mariana I. Morawskiego SJ”; Mikołaj Krasnodębski, “Teoria intelektu możnościowego i jej konsekwencje w kontekście polemiki Tomasza z Akwinu z awerroizmem łacińskim”; Henryk Majkrzak, “Il problema dell’immortalità dell’anima in S. Tommaso d‘Aquino”; Jolanta Koszteyn, “Plio-Pleistocene Hominids: Epistemological and Taxonomic Problems”; Robert Janusz, “Abstrakcja, obiekty i cywilizacja globalna”; Bogdan Lisiak, “Alchemia Adama Kochańskiego SJ”; Tadeusz Ślipko, “Ewolucja Katolickiej Nauki Społecznej, ale jaka?”; Roman Darowski, “Józef Alojzy Dmowski SJ (1799-1879): Precursor of the Renewal of Thomism”; Franciscus Bargieł, “Adamus Quirinus Krasnodębski SJ (1628-1702) eiusque philosophicum opus”.

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    The papers in the issue: Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, “The Intellectual Dimension of Jesuit Ministries”; Wojciech Słomski, “The Philosophy of Culture and European Identity”; Tadeusz Biesaga, “Personalism versus Principlism in Bioethics”; Stanisław Ziemiański,  “Possibility – Actuality – God”;Tadeusz Ślipko, “Mariana I. Morawskiego SJ pojęcie filozofii w zastosowaniu do współczesnej dyskusji wokół encykliki Jana Pawła II Fides et ratio”; Jolanta Koszteyn, “Actio immanens– A Fundamental Concept of Biological Investigation”; Stanisław Pyszka, “Ewolucja Katolickiej Nauki Społecznej w latach 1891-2002”;Piotr Klepacki, “Wartość miłości czy miłość wartości? W drodze do źródeł świadomości aksjologicznej Maxa Schelera”;Janusz Salamon, “John Hick’s Philosophy of Religious Pluralism – A Critical Examination”;Witold Mackiewicz,“Nietzscheanische Fäden im Denken von Leszek Kołakowski”; Mikołaj Krasnodębski,  “Franciszka Gabryla antropologia i teoria poznania”; Bogdan Lisiak, “Koncepcja filozofii w korespondencji Adama Kochańskiego SJ z Gottfriedem Leibnizem”; Franciscus Bargieł, “Georgius Gengell SJ (1657-1727) eiusque ad atheismi quæstionem relatio”;Roman Darowski,“Jan Gerardinus SJ (1563-1606), jezuita belgijski, profesor filozofii w Polsce”;Henryk Majchrzak, “Il problema della libertà in S. Anselmo d’Aosta”.

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)    

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)    

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)    

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)    

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)  

  • In order to „open us fuller and better to Europe," we are starting with a new review FORUM PHILOSOPHICUM. Forum will be published once a year in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Polish. The articles in Polish will be followed by extensive summaries in foreign languages. Since we do not renounce Polish speaking readers, the articles in foreign languages are also followed by extensive summaries in Polish.
    Roman Darowski, Editor-in-chief, “Foreword.” Forum Philosophicum 1 (1996): 5–6.
    (All photocopies were made by Philosophy Documentation Center, OH, USA.)